Past Perfect Simple
Czas zaprzeszły prosty w angielskim.
Używamy go, kiedy mówimy o akcji, która wydarzyła się przed inną akcją w przeszłości.
Coś zrobiłem przed czymś innym w przeszłości!
(Konstrukcja: had + III forma czasownika)
Konstrukcja Past Perfect Simple
| Twierdzące |
Osoba + had + czasownik (III forma lub +ed)
I had finished my homework before dinner. She had gone to bed when I called. |
|---|---|
| Pytające |
Had + osoba + czasownik (III forma)
Had you seen the film before? Had they arrived when you called? |
| Przeczące |
Osoba + had not (hadn't) + czasownik (III forma)
We hadn't eaten anything. Tom hadn't finished his work. |
Twierdzące
Osoba + had + czasownik (III forma lub +ed)
I had finished my homework before dinner.
She had gone to bed when I called.
Pytające
Had + osoba + czasownik (III forma)
Had you seen the film before?
Had they arrived when you called?
Przeczące
Osoba + had not (hadn't) + czasownik (III forma)
We hadn't eaten anything.
Tom hadn't finished his work.
III forma czasownika (Past Participle)
- Czasowniki regularne → +ed (played, worked, liked)
- Czasowniki nieregularne → specjalna III forma (go → gone, see → seen, eat → eaten)
- Pełną listę znajdziesz w tabeli czasowników nieregularnych.
Kiedy używamy Past Perfect Simple?
- Akcja wcześniejsza niż inna w przeszłości (When I arrived, the train had left – Past Perfect + Past Simple)
- W opowiadaniach – sekwencja wydarzeń (I had finished my homework, eaten dinner and then watched TV)
- Z before, after, by the time, when (By the time we got there, the film had started)
- W zdaniach warunkowych III typu (If I had known, I would have helped)
- Reported speech (He said he had seen the film)
Słówka charakterystyczne
- before, after, by the time, when // By the time I arrived, she had left.
- already, just, never… before // I had already eaten when you called.
- by + czas // By 5 PM I had finished everything.
- earlier, previously // He had lived in London earlier.