Have / has
Tom has a red backpack.
Tom ma czerwony plecak.
I have two sisters.
Mam dwie siostry.
Dwie drogi do „mieć”
Have / has oraz have got / has got
She has a bike i She has got a bike mogą znaczyć to samo: „Ona ma rower”. Zobacz, jak odmieniać obie konstrukcje i dlaczego ich pytania oraz przeczenia powstają inaczej.
Znaczenie
Dwie konstrukcje opisują posiadanie
Have got / has got
Tom has got a red backpack.
Tom ma czerwony plecak.
I've got two sisters.
Mam dwie siostry.
Odmiana
Kto ma? Wszystkie osoby
| Osoba | Have / has | Have got / has got | Częsty skrót |
|---|---|---|---|
| I – ja | I have | I have got | I've got |
| You – ty | You have | You have got | You've got |
| He – on | He has | He has got | He's got |
| She – ona | She has | She has got | She's got |
| It – to / ono | It has | It has got | It's got |
| We – my | We have | We have got | We've got |
| You – wy | You have | You have got | You've got |
| They – oni / one | They have | They have got | They've got |
Wariant 1
Have / has bez got
W pytaniu i przeczeniu have zachowuje się jak zwykły czasownik w Present Simple: potrzebuje do / does. Po does i doesn't wraca forma have, nie has.
She has a bike.
osoba + have / has + rzecz
I have a bike.
She has a bike.
She doesn't have a bike.
osoba + don't / doesn't + have
I don't have a bike.
She doesn't have a bike.
Does she have a bike?
Do / Does + osoba + have?
Do you have a bike?
Does she have a bike?
Wariant 2
Have got / has got
W tej konstrukcji have / has przechodzi przed osobę w pytaniu. Przeczenie tworzymy przez haven't / hasn't. Nie dodajemy do / does.
She has got a bike.
osoba + have / has got + rzecz
I have got a bike.
She has got a bike.
She hasn't got a bike.
osoba + haven't / hasn't + got
I haven't got a bike.
She hasn't got a bike.
Has she got a bike?
Have / Has + osoba + got?
Have you got a bike?
Has she got a bike?
Porównaj na jednym przykładzie
Ten sam sens, dwa schematy
| Rodzaj zdania | Have / has | Have got / has got |
|---|---|---|
| Twierdzenie | Leo has the key. | Leo has got the key. |
| Przeczenie | Leo doesn't have the key. | Leo hasn't got the key. |
| Pytanie | Does Leo have the key? | Has Leo got the key? |
| Odpowiedź „tak” | Yes, he does. | Yes, he has. |
| Odpowiedź „nie” | No, he doesn't. | No, he hasn't. |
Codzienny język
Skróty i krótkie odpowiedzi
Twierdzenia z got
I've got, you've got, he's got, she's got, it's got, we've got, they've got.
She's got a pencil.
Przeczenia
don't have / doesn't have albo haven't got / hasn't got.
They haven't got a car.
Krótka odpowiedź z have
Do you have a pen? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does she have a pen? Yes, she does.
Krótka odpowiedź z have got
Have you got a pen? Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Has she got a pen? No, she hasn't.
Użycie
Kiedy nie zamieniać have na have got?
Posiadanie i relacje
W czasie teraźniejszym oba warianty mogą opisywać rzeczy, cechy i bliskich.
We have / have got two cats.
Czynności i zwyczaje
Gdy have jest częścią czynności, ucz się go jako zwykłego czasownika. Nie zastępuj go automatycznie przez have got.
I have breakfast at seven. / Do you have lunch at school?
Przeszłość
W prostych zdaniach o posiadaniu w przeszłości użyj had oraz did / didn't have.
Maja had a dog. / Did she have a dog?
Uwaga
Typowe pomyłki
Does she has a bike?
PoprawnieDoes she have a bike? Po does użyj have.
Do you have got a bike?
PoprawnieDo you have a bike? Have you got a bike? Wybierz jeden schemat.
She doesn't has a bike.
PoprawnieShe doesn't have a bike. Możesz też powiedzieć: She hasn't got a bike.
He have got a brother.
PoprawnieHe has got a brother. Dla he / she / it wybieramy has.
Praktyka